function [J, grad] = costFunctionReg(theta, X, y, lambda)
%COSTFUNCTIONREG Compute cost and gradient for logistic regression with regularization
%   J = COSTFUNCTIONREG(theta, X, y, lambda) computes the cost of using
%   theta as the parameter for regularized logistic regression and the
%   gradient of the cost w.r.t. to the parameters. 

% Initialize some useful values
m = length(y); % number of training examples

% You need to return the following variables correctly 
J = 0;
grad = zeros(size(theta));

% ====================== YOUR CODE HERE ======================
% Instructions: Compute the cost of a particular choice of theta.
%               You should set J to the cost.
%               Compute the partial derivatives and set grad to the partial
%               derivatives of the cost w.r.t. each parameter in theta

hx = sigmoid(X * theta); %hypothesis, m * 1

J = 1 / m * sum(-y' * log(hx) - (1 - y)' * log(1 - hx)) + lambda / (2 * m) * theta(2:end)' * theta(2:end);

gradf = (1 / m) * (X(:, 1)' * (hx - y));
gradb = (1 / m) * (X(:, 2:end)' * (hx - y)) + lambda * theta(2:end) / m;

grad = [gradf;gradb];


% =============================================================

end