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- # spring-boot-demo-cache-redis
-
- > 此 demo 主要演示了 Spring Boot 如何整合 redis,操作redis中的数据,并使用redis缓存数据。连接池使用 Lettuce。
-
- ## 1.开发步骤
-
- ### 1.1.添加依赖
-
- ```xml
- <dependencies>
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.xkcoding</groupId>
- <artifactId>common-tools</artifactId>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.xkcoding</groupId>
- <artifactId>demo-cache-api</artifactId>
- <version>1.0.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
- </dependency>
-
- <!-- 对象池,如果存在该依赖会自动注入 -->
- <!-- https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/3.0.0-M5/reference/htmlsingle/#data.nosql.redis.connecting -->
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
- <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
- <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
- <scope>test</scope>
- </dependency>
-
- <dependency>
- <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
- <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
- <optional>true</optional>
- </dependency>
- </dependencies>
- ```
-
- ### 1.2.配置文件
-
- ```yaml
- spring:
- redis:
- host: localhost
- # 连接超时时间(记得添加单位,Duration)
- timeout: 10000ms
- # Redis默认情况下有16个分片,这里配置具体使用的分片
- # database: 0
- lettuce:
- pool:
- # 连接池最大连接数(使用负值表示没有限制) 默认 8
- max-active: 8
- # 连接池最大阻塞等待时间(使用负值表示没有限制) 默认 -1
- max-wait: -1ms
- # 连接池中的最大空闲连接 默认 8
- max-idle: 8
- # 连接池中的最小空闲连接 默认 0
- min-idle: 0
- cache:
- # 一般来说是不用配置的,Spring Cache 会根据依赖的包自行装配
- type: redis
- logging:
- level:
- com.xkcoding: debug
- ```
-
- ### 1.3.自动装配Redis缓存管理
-
- ```java
- @EnableCaching
- @Configuration
- @AutoConfigureAfter(RedisAutoConfiguration.class)
- public class RedisCacheAutoConfiguration {
-
- /**
- * 默认情况下的模板只能支持RedisTemplate<String, String>,也就是只能存入字符串,因此支持序列化
- */
- @Bean
- public RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> redisCacheTemplate(LettuceConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) {
- RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> template = new RedisTemplate<>();
- template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer());
- template.setValueSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer());
- template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory);
- return template;
- }
-
- /**
- * 配置使用注解的时候缓存配置,默认是序列化反序列化的形式,加上此配置则为 json 形式
- */
- @Bean
- public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory factory) {
- // 配置序列化
- RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig();
- RedisCacheConfiguration redisCacheConfiguration =
- config.serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()))
- .serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(new GenericJackson2JsonRedisSerializer()));
-
- return RedisCacheManager.builder(factory).cacheDefaults(redisCacheConfiguration).build();
- }
- }
- ```
-
- ### 1.4.缓存通过注解实现
-
- > 为了减少重复代码,该部分我将其抽取实现在 demo-cache-api 模块中
-
- ```java
- @Slf4j
- @Service
- public class UserService {
- /**
- * 模拟数据库
- */
- private static final Map<Long, User> DATABASES = new HashMap<>() {{
- put(1L, new User(1L, "user1"));
- put(2L, new User(2L, "user2"));
- put(3L, new User(3L, "user3"));
- }};
-
- /**
- * 保存或修改用户
- *
- * @param user 用户对象
- * @return 操作结果
- */
- @CachePut(value = "user", key = "#user.id")
- public User saveOrUpdate(User user) {
- DATABASES.put(user.getId(), user);
- log.info("保存用户【user】= {}", user);
- return user;
- }
-
- /**
- * 获取用户
- *
- * @param id key值
- * @return 返回结果
- */
- @Cacheable(value = "user", key = "#id")
- public User get(Long id) {
- // 我们假设从数据库读取
- log.info("查询用户【id】= {}", id);
- return DATABASES.get(id);
- }
-
- /**
- * 删除
- *
- * @param id key值
- */
- @CacheEvict(value = "user", key = "#id")
- public void delete(Long id) {
- DATABASES.remove(id);
- log.info("删除用户【id】= {}", id);
- }
- }
- ```
-
- ## 2.测试
-
- ### 2.1.环境搭建
-
- 主要是 redis 环境的搭建,这里我提供了 docker-compose 文件,方便同学们一键启动测试环境
-
- ```bash
- $ cd demo-cache/demo-cache-redis
- $ docker compose -f docker-compose.env.yml up
- ```
-
- ### 2.2.测试 Redis 基础功能
-
- > 主要测试使用 `RedisTemplate` 操作 `Redis` 中的数据,查看是否正常序列化:
-
- - opsForValue:对应 String(字符串)
- - opsForZSet:对应 ZSet(有序集合)
- - opsForHash:对应 Hash(哈希)
- - opsForList:对应 List(列表)
- - opsForSet:对应 Set(集合)
- - opsForGeo:** 对应 GEO(地理位置)
-
- ```java
- @Slf4j
- @SpringBootTest
- public class RedisTest {
-
- @Autowired
- private StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
-
- @Autowired
- private RedisTemplate<String, Serializable> redisCacheTemplate;
-
- /**
- * 测试 Redis 操作
- */
- @Test
- public void get() throws InterruptedException {
- // 测试线程安全,程序结束查看redis中count的值是否为1000
- ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(1000);
- CountDownLatch wait = new CountDownLatch(1000);
- IntStream.range(0, 1000).forEach(i -> executorService.execute(() -> {
- stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().increment("count", 1);
- wait.countDown();
- }));
- wait.await();
- log.debug("【count】= {}", stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().getAndExpire("count", Duration.ofSeconds(10)));
-
- stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().set("k1", "v1");
- String k1 = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().getAndExpire("k1", Duration.ofSeconds(10));
- log.debug("【k1】= {}", k1);
-
- // 以下演示整合,具体Redis命令可以参考官方文档
- String key = "xkcoding:user:1";
- redisCacheTemplate.opsForValue().set(key, new User(1L, "user1"));
- // 对应 String(字符串)
- User user = (User) redisCacheTemplate.opsForValue().get(key);
- String userSerialized = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().getAndExpire(key, Duration.ofSeconds(10));
- log.debug("【user】= {}", user);
- log.debug("【userSerialized】= {}", userSerialized);
- }
- }
- ```
-
- ### 2.3.测试Redis缓存是否生效
-
- ```java
- @Slf4j
- @SpringBootTest
- public class UserServiceTest {
- @Autowired
- private UserService userService;
-
- /**
- * 获取两次,查看日志验证缓存
- */
- @Test
- public void getTwice() {
- // 模拟查询id为1的用户
- User user1 = userService.get(1L);
- log.debug("【user1】= {}", user1);
-
- // 再次查询
- User user2 = userService.get(1L);
- log.debug("【user2】= {}", user2);
- // 查看日志,只打印一次日志,证明缓存生效
- }
-
- /**
- * 先存,再查询,查看日志验证缓存
- */
- @Test
- public void getAfterSave() {
- userService.saveOrUpdate(new User(4L, "测试中文"));
-
- User user = userService.get(4L);
- log.debug("【user】= {}", user);
- // 查看日志,只打印保存用户的日志,查询是未触发查询日志,因此缓存生效
- }
-
- /**
- * 测试删除,查看redis是否存在缓存数据
- */
- @Test
- public void deleteUser() {
- // 查询一次,使redis中存在缓存数据
- userService.get(1L);
- // 删除,查看redis是否存在缓存数据
- userService.delete(1L);
- }
-
- }
- ```
-
- ## 3.参考
-
- - [Spring Boot 官方文档之连接 Redis](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/3.0.0-M5/reference/htmlsingle/#data.nosql.redis)
- - [Spring Boot 官方文档之 Redis 缓存](https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/3.0.0-M5/reference/htmlsingle/#io.caching.provider.redis)
- - [spring-data-redis 官方文档](https://docs.spring.io/spring-data/redis/docs/3.0.0-M5/reference/html/)
- - [Redis 官方文档](https://redis.io/docs/)
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